Today in History
12th March
Giuliano
de' Medici, c. 1478
tempera on panel, .755 x .525 m (29 3/4 x 20 11/16 in.) By Sandro Botticelli
Cesare Borgia
Gemma Galgani
Mahatma Gandhi
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12th March |
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| 1000 Odo of Lagery elected as Pope Urban II, replacing Victor III | ||
| 1054 Pope Leo IX escapes captivity & returns to Rome |
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| 1144 Gherardo Caccianemici elected Pope Lucius II, succeeding Callistus II | ||
| 1336 Eduard, Duke of Gelre (1361-71) husband of Catharina of Bayern was born | ||
| 1350 Orvieto city says it will behead & burn Jewish-Christian couples | ||
| 1365 University of Vienna founded | ||
| 1470 In the Wars of the Roses, Edward IV defeated the rebels at the battle of Empingham. | ||
| 1479 Giuliano de' Medici, monarch of Florence was born | ||
| 1496 Jews are expelled from Syria | ||
| 1507 Cesare Borgia, Italian politician, cardinal and adventurer was killed in a battle with rebels of Navarre near Viana, Italy. | Giuliano
de' Medici, c. 1478 |
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| 1587 English parliament leader Peter Wentworth confined in London Tower | ||
| 1594 Company of Distant established for business on East-Indies | ||
| 1597 England routes troops to Amiens | ||
| 1609 Bermuda becomes an English colony | ||
| 1619 Dutch settlement on Java changes name to Batavia | ||
| 1622 Ignatius of Loyola declared a saint | ||
| 1642 Abel Tasman is 1st European in New Zealand | ||
| 1664 1st naturalization act in American colonies | ||
| 1664 New Jersey becomes a British colony | ||
| 1689 Former English King James II lands in Ireland | ||
| 1737 Galileo's body moved to Church of Santa Croce in Florence, Italy | ||
| 1755 1st steam engine in America installed, to pump water from a mine | ||
| 1773 Jeanne Baptiste Pointe de Sable found settlement now known as Chicago |
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| 1789 US Post Office established | ||
| 1799 In the War of the Second Coalition, Austria declared war on France. | ||
| 1800 Louis-Prosper Gachard, Belgian historian was born | ||
| 1814 British troops under Wellington captured Bordeaux in France. | ||
| 1848 2nd republic established in France | ||
| 1849 In India, the Sikhs surrendered to the British at Rawalpindi. | ||
| 1849 1st gold seekers arrive in Nicaragua en route to Calif | ||
| 1850 1st US $20 gold piece issued | ||
| 1854 Britain and France concluded an alliance with the Ottoman Empire against Russia in the Crimean War. | ||
| 1857 Giuseppe Verdi's opera "Simon Boccanegra," premieres in Venice | ||
| 1860 Congress accepts Pre-emption Bill: free land in West for colonists | ||
| 1865 Affair near Lone Jack, Missouri | ||
| 1867 Last French troops leave Mexico | Cesare Borgia |
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| 1868 Britain annexed Basutoland in Africa | ||
| 1868 Congress abolishes manufacturer's tax | ||
| 1877 Great Britain annexes Walvis Bay at Cape colony | ||
| 1878 Gemma Galgani, Italian saint was born | ||
| 1888 2nd day of the Great blizzard of '88 in NE US (400 die) | ||
| 1889 Battle at Metema (Gallabad): Ethiopian Emperor Yohannes IV, defeated | ||
| 1889 Start of South Africa's 1st Test, v England, Port Elizabeth | ||
| 1904 1st main line electric train in UK (Liverpool to Southport) | ||
| 1907 At Toulon, France, the battleship Iena exploded killing at least 118 men. | ||
| 1912 Capt Albert Berry performs 1st parachute jump from an airplane | ||
| 1912 Girl Guides (Girl Scouts) forms in Savannah, by Juliette Gordon Low | ||
| 1913 Canberra became the capital of Australia when the foundation stone of the Federal Parliament building was laid. | ||
| 1916 French airship sinks British submarine D3 | ||
| 1917 Russian Dumas sets up Provisional Committee; workers set up Soviets | ||
| 1917 Stalin, Kamenev & Muranov arrives in St Petersburg |
Gemma Galgani |
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| 1919 Austrian National Meeting affirms Anschluss (incorporate into Germany) | ||
| 1925 British govt of Baldwin refuses to ratify Geneva agreement | ||
| 1926 Denmark begins unilateral disarmament | ||
| 1926 Pope Pius XI names J E van Roey archbishop of Malines Belgium | ||
| 1930 In India, Mahatma Gandhi began a 300-mile protest journey to defy a British law establishing a monopoly in producing salt. | ||
| 1933 U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt gave the first of his nation-wide "fireside chats" on radio. | ||
| 1934 Josip Broz (Tito) freed from jail | ||
| 1935 England establishes 30 MPH speed limit for towns & villages | ||
| 1938 One day after Artur Seyss-Inquart became Chancellor of Austria, German troops invaded the country. | ||
| 1939 Pope Pius XII crowned in Vatican ceremonies | ||
| 1940 Finland surrenders to Russia during WW II, gives Karelische Isthmus | ||
| 1940 Finland signed a peace treaty with the Soviet Union, ending the 14-week war which the Russians won by sheer weight of numbers. | ||
| 1941 German occupiers confiscate AVRO studios in Netherlands | ||
| 1942 British troops vacate the Andamanen in Gulf of Bengal | ||
| 1943 Soviet troops liberate Wjasma | ||
| 1945 British Empire celebrates it's 1st British Empire Day | ||
| 1945 USSR returns Transylvania to Romania | ||
| 1945 Anne Frank, the Dutch Jewish teenager who kept a diary of her wartime experiences, died in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany. She was 15. | ||
| 1946 Part of Petsamo province ceded by Soviet Union to Finland | ||
| 1947 Belgian govt of Huysmans resigns | ||
| 1950 Belgium votes (58%) for return of King Leopold III | ||
| 1950 Pope Pius XII encyclical "On combating atheistic propaganda" | ||
| 1951 Communist troops driven out of Seoul | ||
| 1957 German DR accepts 22 Russian divisions | ||
| 1958 British Empire Day is renamed "Commonwealth Day" | ||
| 1962 Dutch Premier De Quay announces secret talks with Indonesia | ||
| 1964 Malcolm X resigns from Nation of Islam | ||
| 1966 The Indonesian Congress stripped Dr. Sukarno of all powers including the title of president. Gen. Suharto became acting president until general elections in 1968. | ||
| 1967 Indonesian congress deprives president Sukarno of authority | ||
| 1968 Mauritius became an independent member of the British Commonwealth, having been a British colony since 1810. |
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| 1971 Syrian Premier Hafez al-Assad was elected president in a national referendum. | ||
| 1973 in Syria, a new and permanent constitution was endorsed by over 97 per cent of voters in a national referendum. | ||
| 1975 Vietcong conquer Ban me Thuot South Vietnam | ||
| 1976 South African troops leave Angola | ||
| 1977 Chile president Pinochet bans Christian-Democratic Party | ||
| 1977 Egypt's Anwar Sadat pledges to regain Arab territory from Israel | ||
| 1977 Sadat pledges to regain Arab territory from Israel | ||
| 1978 In the first round of French parliamentary elections, the Left claimed an absolute majority for the first time in French history. | ||
| 1979 In Grenada, Prime Minister Sir Erik Gairy and his government were overthrown and replaced by Maurice Bishop of the New Jewel Movement. | ||
| 1979 Luis Herrera Campins was sworn in as president of Venezuela. | ||
| 1984 National Union of Mine Workers in England begin a 51 week strike | ||
| 1984 A nationwide strike of British miners began | Mahatma Gandhi |
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| 1989 Madagascar AREMA party wins parliamentary election | ||
| 1990 Mongolia's ruling Politburo resigned and Communist leader Zhambyn Batmunkh proposed amending a constitutional clause guaranteeing the party's "leading role." | ||
| 1992 the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius became a republic dropping its links with the British crown 24 years to the day after independence. | ||
| 1993 317 killed by bomb attacks in Bombay | ||
| 1993 Nearly 200 people were killed when up to 13 bombs went off across the city of Bombay in India. | ||
| 1994 Church of England ordains 1st 33 women priests | ||
| 1994 The South African government and the ANC agreed to depose Bophuthatswana homeland President Lucas Mangope. | ||
| 1994 The Church of England broke with 460 years of male dominance when it ordained its first women priests in Bristol Cathedral. | ||
| 1996 China began new war games in the Taiwan Strait in a show of force, using jets and warships to drive home its warning to Taiwan not to seek independence. | ||
C.H. OSTFELD INC.