31 August
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31 August |
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| 12 AD, Caligula (Gaius Caesar), Emperor of Rome, born. He succeeded Tiberius in 37AD and squandered his treasury. His popularity plummeted and he was killed at the Palatine Games. | ||
| 1230 Utrecht bishop Willebrand grants Swells state justice | ||
| 1310 German king Heinrich VII makes his son Johan king of Bohemia | ||
| 1422 King Henry V of England died of dysentery in France and was succeeded by his nine-month-old son as Henry VI. | ||
| 1535 Pope Paul II deposed & excommunicated King Henry VIII | ||
| 1569 Djehangir/Jahangir, great mogol of India was born | ||
| 1602 Amalia, countess of Solms-Braunfels, wife of Gov Frederik Hendrik was born | ||
| 1668 John Bunyan, English author of "The Pilgrim's Progress," died in London. | ||
| 1745 Bonnie Prince Charlie reaches Blair Castle Scotland | ||
| 1751 English troops under sir Robert Clive occupy Arcot India | ||
| 1772 Hurricane destroy ships off Dominica | ||
| 1778 British kill 17 Stockbridge indians in Bronx during Revolution | ||
| 1811 Theophile Gautier, Tarbas France, writer/poet (Albertus) | ||
| 1836 HMS Beagle anchors in Postage Praia, Cape Verde Islands | ||
| 1842 Micah Rugg patents a nuts & bolts machine | ||
| 1842 US Naval Observatory authorized by an act of Congress | ||
| 1843 Liberty Party nominates James Birneyas presidential candidate | ||
| 1870 Maria Montessori, Italy, educator (spontaneous response) was born | ||
| 1876 In Turkey, the Sultan Murad V was deposed after suffering mental collapse. He was succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid II | ||
| 1879 Joshihito, emperor of Japan (1912-26) was born | ||
| 1880 Wilhelmina HPM, queen of the Netherlands (1898-1948) was born | ||
| 1886 1st major earthquake recorded in eastern US, at Charleston SC, 110 die | ||
| 1887 Thomas A Edison patents Kinetoscope, (produces moving pictures) | ||
| 1888 The body of Mary Ann "Polly" Nichols, the first victim of murderer "Jack the Ripper," was found in London. | ||
| 1897 Thomas Edison patented his movie camera (Kinetograph) | ||
| 1900 British troops over run Johannesburg | ||
| 1907 Ramon Magsaysay, president of the Philippines 1953-57, born. | ||
| 1907 The Anglo-Russian Convention was signed in St. Petersburg, settling differences between the two over Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet. | ||
| 1914 German troops reconquer Soldau/Neidenburg East-Prussia | ||
| 1914 Germany defeats Russia (battle at Tannenberg/30,000 Russians die) | ||
| 1919 Petlyura's Ukrainian Army kills 35 members of a Jewish defense group | ||
| 1919 Ukranian (Petlyura) Army recaptures Kiev | ||
| 1920 The first ever news program was broadcast by the radio station 8MK in Detroit, Michigan. The station had opened its service on August 20. | ||
| 1920 Belgium starts paying old age pensions | ||
| 1923 League of Nations gives Belgium mandate of Ruanda-Urundi (was German) | ||
| 1923 Mussolini's troops occupy Korfu | ||
| 1935 President Roosevelt signed an act prohibiting the export of U.S. arms to belligerents | ||
| 1939 Japanese invasion army driven out of Mongolia | ||
| 1940 1st edition pf illegal opposition newspaper Free Netherlands | ||
| 1940 56 U-boats sunk this month (268,000 ton) | ||
| 1940 Fighter Command loses 39/Luftwaffe 41 airplanes | ||
| 1940 German occupiers in Netherlands begin soap ration | ||
| 1940 US National Guard assembles | ||
| 1941 23 U-boats sunk this month (80,000 ton) | ||
| 1942 Battle at Alam Halfa: German & Italians assault | ||
| 1942 U boats sunk this month 108 ships (544,000 ton) | ||
| 1942 The Germans under Rommel launched an offensive to take Alam el Halfa ridge in Egypt. He was forced to withdraw after repeated advances and the battle was called off on September 7. | ||
| 1943 1st battle of Essex/new Yorktown: US assault on Marcus Island | ||
| 1943 Japanse occupiers intern Jewish Congregation of Sorabajo | ||
| 1944 Allied offensive at "Gothen-linie," Italy | ||
| 1944 French provisional government moves from Algiers to Paris | ||
| 1944 French troops liberate Bordeaux | ||
| 1944 In Romania Russian troops and tanks captured Bucharest and received a huge welcome from the people. | ||
| 1947 Hungarian communist party wins election | ||
| 1948 Queen Wilhelmina celebrates 50th jubilee | ||
| 1954 Hurricane Carol (1st major named storm) hits New England, 70 die | ||
| 1957 Malayasia (formerly Malaya) gains independence from Britain | ||
| 1961 Amsterdam National Ballet forms | ||
| 1962 Trinidad and Tobago became an independent nation within the Commonwealth | ||
| 1968 12,000 die in 7.8 quake destroys 60,000 buildings in NE Iran | ||
| 1969 Rocky Marciano, former U.S. world heavyweight boxing champion, was killed in an air crash in Iowa | ||
| 1971 Dave Scott becomes 1st person to drive a car on Moon | ||
| 1973 John Ford, U.S. film director, died. He was best known for his westerns including "Stagecoach," "She Wore a Yellow Ribbon" and "My Darling Clementine." | ||
| 1976 Mexican peso devalued | ||
| 1976 Trinidad & Tobago adopts constitution | ||
| 1978 Constitution adopted by Sri Lanka | ||
| 1979 Comet Howard-Koomur-Michels collides with Sun | ||
| 1980 After two months of strikes, the Polish government agreed to reforms, including recognition of the Solidarity trade union. | ||
| 1986 Aeromexico DC-9 & small plane collide in LA, killing 82 | ||
| 1986 Russian cargo ship crashes into cruise ship Admiral Nakhimov; 398 die | ||
| 1986 Urho Kekkonen, Finnish statesman, prime minister and president from 1956 to 1982, died aged 85 | ||
| 1987 South Africa longest mine strike in history ends | ||
| 1988 Bomb attack on office of South Africa Council of Churches | ||
| 1989 Aeromexico DC-9 collides over LA, 82 die (15 on the ground) | ||
| 1989 Princess Anne and her husband Captain Mark Phillips separated after 16 years of marriage dogged by constant rumors of estrangement. | ||
| 1990 East and West Germany signed a treaty to harmonize their legal and political systems after the October 3 merger. | ||
| 1991 Richard J Kerr, ends term as deputy director of CIA | 7 |
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| 1991 William H Webster, ends term as 14th director of CIA | ||
| 1991 Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan declared their independence from the Soviet Union. | ||
| 1992 Dynamite explosion in Philipines mine; 500 die | ||
| 1993 Venezuela president Carlos Perez flees | ||
| 1994 Last Russian soldiers leave Estonia & Latvia | ||
| 1994 Northern Ireland Sinn Fein proclaims ceases-fire | ||
| 1994 Pentium computer beats world chess champ Gari Kasparov | ||
| 1994 Troops of the former Soviet Union ended half a century of military presence on German soil with a farewell ceremony presided over by Russian President Boris Yeltsin and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl. | ||
| 1997 Diana, the Princess of Wales, was killed in an automobile accident in a tunnel by the Seine in Paris. The accident also killed Emad Mohammed al-Fayed, the Harrod's heir. | ||
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